The Call on the Mountain: Mark 3:13–18 as a Theophanic Moment
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Abstract
This article proposes a reinterpretation of Mark 3:13–18, commonly understood as an institutional account of the calling of the Twelve, arguing instead that it follows a theophanic structure rooted in Old Testament patterns. Through textual, literary, and intertextual analysis, the study identifies key theophanic markers in the passage. The paper argues that Jesus does not merely function as a mediator but assumes roles and prerogatives attributed exclusively to YHWH, thereby constituting a renewed Israel symbolized by the Twelve. This interpretation aligns with Mark’s implicit Christology, in which Jesus’ divine identity is revealed through his actions rather than explicit doctrinal statements. The study also highlights the ecclesiological implications of the passage, presenting the Church as originating in a theophanic act grounded in divine sovereignty and oriented toward mission.
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